Role of biotic interactions on seasonal migrations of the macrozoobenthos living in the upper tidal-flat of the Mont-Saint-Michel bay, France
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چکیده
− On the tidal flat of the western part of the Mont-Saint-Michel bay, the macrozoobenthos of the upper flat is characterised by an assemblage of the Macoma balthica community. The dominant species are M. balthica, Nereis diversicolor and Corophium volutator. A field monitoring during a 1-year period along a four-stations transect perpendicularly to the shore showed that biotic interactions affected the local distributions of these species. This was particularly obvious from late spring to late summer while, because of the density increases, competitions for space and/or resources were induced, which stimulated migrations. Intra-specific competition seemed to induce the migration of the 1-year-old M. balthica. Consequently, the migration of the young bivalves from the level where this species is dominant to upper levels stimulated the migration of C. volutator population. This migration had a negative effect on the abundance of the amphipods. The migration of N. diversicolor during the end of the summer population to the lower levels of the tidal flat seemed to prevent the return of the C. volutator population to their original before-migration area, even though M. balthica density decreased. © 2001 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS Résumé − Rôle des interactions biotiques sur les migrations saisonnières du macrozoobenthos de la zone intertidale supérieure de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, France. Le haut estran de la zone intertidale de la partie ouest de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel se caractérise par une faune macrozoobenthique appartenant à la communauté de Macoma balthica. Les espèces dominantes sont le bivalve M. balthica, l’annélide Nereis diversicolor et l’amphipode Corophium volutator. Un suivi annuel le long d’un transect de quatre stations perpendiculaire à la côte montre que des interactions biotiques interviennent dans la distribution de ces espèces. Ceci est particulièrement clair durant la période allant de la fin du printemps à la fin de l’été où des compétitions pour les ressources et/ou l’espace sont induites par l’augmentation des densités, stimulant de la sorte les déplacements de populations. Une compétition intra-spécifique semble induire la migration des individus de M. balthica âgés d’un an. La migration de ces jeunes bivalves de leur aire de dominance vers des altimétries supérieures stimule le départ de la population de C. volutator. Cette émigration a des effets négatifs sur l’abondance de cet amphipode. La migration à la fin de l’été de la population de N. diversicolor vers une zone située plus bas sur l’estran prévient le retour de la population de C. volutator sur leur aire de distribution *Correspondence and reprints: fax: + 81 98 895 8577. E-mail address: [email protected] (T. Meziane). § Present address: Laboratory of Ecology and Systematics, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan. © 2001 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits réservés S0399178401011653/FLA 569 OCEANOLOGICA ACTA ⋅ VOL. 24 – No. 6
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تاریخ انتشار 2001